Jun 23, 2022 5pm Oper Leipzig
Wagner: Rienzi
Cond: Matthias Foremny, Dir: Nicolas Joel
Stefan Vincke (Rienzi), Miriam Clark (Irene), Kathrin Göring (Adriano), Franz Xavier Schlecht (Paolo)
(scroll down for English review)
《雷恩齊》序曲是音樂會不時聽到的華格納樂曲,但歌劇本身就少上演得多,這是華格納的食糊歌劇,他在《戀愛禁令》用意大利,尤其是唐尼采第的形式,這次他用法國大歌劇的格式,終於成功。不過,此劇在20世紀有個大擁躉:希特拉,相傳他受主角的悲劇命運啟發,投身政治。
之前我只在柏林德意志歌劇院看過一次,但那個製作將原劇的五幕,重整為兩幕,全長也不過兩個半小時,是足本的一半或更少。那個製作一開始就將雷恩齊設定為希特拉,只是把納粹標誌改成兩個交叉而已。其實那個製作也不好看,導演卻是我昨天在柏林國立歌劇院看得很高興的《杜蘭朵》的Philipp Stölzl,現在回想,他在那劇的社會設定為法西斯,原來有跡可尋。
回來萊比鍚這個製作,重點應該先放在音樂上。這次聽的三齣早期華格納,都是Foremny指揮,《戀愛禁令》我已很滿意,《雷恩齊》就更刺激,打從序曲就已很雷霆萬鈞,之後的管弦聲響更為澎湃,不只展示出華格納的大鑼大鼓風格已經成型,更令我覺得華格納這齣大歌劇真是青出於藍,我這樣說,是因為已在現場看過三齣Meyerbeer,另加一齣《猶太女》,Halévy那齣。雖不能說華格納就是好過他們,但至少在野心更上一層,而且執行得到,尤其是管弦樂及合唱部分。
歌唱焦點當然是唱雷恩齊的Stefan Vincke,三年前萊比鍚歌劇院來香港藝術節上演《唐懷瑟》時,就是他唱。一查之下,原來這次他在前一天才在布達佩斯唱同一角色,第二天就來萊比鍚唱,但仍有這種傑出表現,實在令人驚嘆。其實那次在香港,本來有一場是另一個男高音唱,但他病了,Vincke連唱兩晚,還唱了前一天的總綵排,真是超人。
不過撇除他的表現,其實在作曲的層面,這個角色其實寫得不夠好,太多演辭,太少歌唱,正正是需要Vincke這種體力,把絕大部分都唱到很大聲,才起到震懾力,去到第五幕的雷恩齊之祈禱,才發覺到像唱歌。但千萬不要以為我是批評Vincke,相反我是稱讚他憑超凡唱功克服了原作局限。
這製作大抵保留到五幕結構,只是將三四五幕大為清減(演法國大歌劇這樣很常見),然後一氣呵成,全晚未計兩次休息長 186分鐘。可能就是精簡時盡量保留雷恩齊的戲份,其餘角色變得很薄,包括第二主角,由女中音反串的Adriano。這種重要的女中音角色,也是法國大歌劇格式之一環,華格納往後的歌劇再沒有這種女中音角色。然而我覺得Kathrin Göring可能本來就不怎適合唱此角,戲份不夠也就沒那麼礙眼了。
剩下最大的角色其實就是合唱,開場前,劇院代表向觀眾說,合唱團中有 21人(!)因病不能演出,他們找不到人代替,又不想換另一個少一點合唱的版本,只好照唱,但以他們的實力,是不會有問題的。又真的很出色,我肯定已經好過柏林德意志歌劇院的合唱團了,因為那一隊上月的《納布果》實在唱得太差。
導演Nicolas Joel實在太懶,想試新派東西,但又不去花心思去令三小時有事情發生,舞台又經常空蕩蕩。唯一的所謂詮釋,就是將雷恩齊代表的平民派,以黑手黨的姿態,拿着機關槍現身,最後更把所有人殺死。我雖然可以想得到,導演是想指出平民派及貴族派其實都是黑幫,但可不可以做多一點事情呢?
(少少補充,萊比鍚歌劇院的樂團就是布業大廳樂團。但有些朋友還是不明白,為甚麼布業大廳樂團每次來香港,場刊上的人數這麼多,卻沒有來足的呢?就是因為他們同時兼顧兩者,所以比正常樂團多一半的人數,既可以在同一晚在布業樂廳有音樂會,又在萊比鍚歌劇院伴奏,或者一隊去外地巡迴,剩餘半隊繼續在歌劇院開騷。)

In Das Liebesverbot Wagner wrote a highly Italianate opera, and in Rienzi, his breakthrough work, he took the French Grand Opera as a model. And judging from this performance by the Oper Leipzig, I truly felt that Wagner practically beat Meyerbeer in his own game. I said that not because Rienzi is necessarily better than Les Huguenots, Le Prophète or Vasco da Gama (better known as L’Africaine), but that Wagner was way more ambitious and he did pull it off.
Matthias Foremny deserved much credit in the larger-than-life, arch-Wagnerian orchestral sound. He conducted all three Wagner early operas in this festival, and judging from the live Wagner performances of Ulf Schirmer that I saw, I suspect Foremny might be better than the outgoing Intendant.
But the hero is of course Stefan Vincke. The night before he sang the same role in Budapest and it was indeed rare for Wagnerian tenors to do such heavy role two nights in a row, and Vincke could do it. I got no reason to suspect that I’ve been short-charged. And in this 186-minute performance, I felt the cuts were aimed at the other roles, so Vincke basically was on stage and singing his lungs out for a long long time. Yet Vincke’s superhuman tenacity revealed a fatal flaw in this role: too much declamation and too little singing. It’s precisely due to Vincke’s stamina and volume that the declamations made for exciting listening, otherwise it’d just be too dull. Without a Vincke or a Schager it’s almost impossible to stage this opera convincingly. Yes I did hear Torsten Kerl, no, not good enough.
As for the production, director Nicolas Joel made one interesting thing in defining the Rienzi’s plebeians as mafia gunmen, essentially making both the nobles and plebeians as mafia with no genuine interest in the people’s welfare. But I think Joel essentially wasted the three hours’ run time in not further elaborating his concept.
